✅Gs-3 : Agriculture- Natural Farming- National Mission on Natural Farming (NMNF)
➡️What is the difference between Natural farming and Organic Farming?- Click here
🅾️Pros and cons of Natural farming- Click here
⚠️Major difference?- Emphasis on soil health, resilience to climate risks (like floods and droughts), and reducing the environmental footprint of farming.Builds on earlier initiatives like Bhartiya Prakritik Krishi Paddhati (BPKP) but aims for nationwide adoption and scalable models.
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➡️What is the difference between Natural farming and Organic Farming?- Click here
🅾️Pros and cons of Natural farming- Click here
⚠️Major difference?- Emphasis on soil health, resilience to climate risks (like floods and droughts), and reducing the environmental footprint of farming.Builds on earlier initiatives like Bhartiya Prakritik Krishi Paddhati (BPKP) but aims for nationwide adoption and scalable models.
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✅Gs-1 : Indian society- Secularism- Preamble
✅Gs-2 : Indian constitution-Preamble- secularism- Interpretation in the context of renaming of cities- Written by J sai Deepak- Read this
⚠️What is the reasoning Behind Including ‘Socialist’ and ‘Secular’ in the Preamble?- Read this article- in short- to reflect India’s commitment to inclusive governance and equality in the face of changing socio-political realities
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✅Gs-2 : Indian constitution-Preamble- secularism- Interpretation in the context of renaming of cities- Written by J sai Deepak- Read this
⚠️What is the reasoning Behind Including ‘Socialist’ and ‘Secular’ in the Preamble?- Read this article- in short- to reflect India’s commitment to inclusive governance and equality in the face of changing socio-political realities
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✅Gs-2 : Centre - state relations- Finance commission - Fiscal federalism
🅾️Please keep a tab on this and implications for the 16th finance commission- Click here
⚠️Main issue here : equity and effectiveness in resource devolution-these transfers have not effectively raised their capacity to enhance social and economic outcomes, leading to stagnation in convergence between states.
🚫Implication?- The FC relies heavily on population and income-based criteria to allocate funds, which ensures higher transfers to poorer states. However, these criteria fail to incentivize capacity-building efforts, as states with higher tax revenues and better governance may receive comparatively lower transfers
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🅾️Please keep a tab on this and implications for the 16th finance commission- Click here
⚠️Main issue here : equity and effectiveness in resource devolution-these transfers have not effectively raised their capacity to enhance social and economic outcomes, leading to stagnation in convergence between states.
🚫Implication?- The FC relies heavily on population and income-based criteria to allocate funds, which ensures higher transfers to poorer states. However, these criteria fail to incentivize capacity-building efforts, as states with higher tax revenues and better governance may receive comparatively lower transfers
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✅Gs-3 : Inclusive growth/ Economic development
🔰Present strategy to achieve Inclusive growth - there are many - but populist strategies for parties to win elections are :
⚜️1) Reservations- Click here
⚜️2) Freebies- Click here
⚠️Takeaway from the article : the examples and case laws
🅾️Argument : In S. Subramaniam Balaji vs Tamil Nadu (2013), the Supreme Court observed that excessive freebies distort electoral behavior and financial stability.
🔰Use any one fact to support arguments against freebie
🅾️1. Karnataka’s five guarantees led to a doubling of fiscal deficit and increased reliance on borrowing- leading to unfunded liabilities and compromising critical expenditures like infrastructure and development—> affects public investment in essential sectors like health, education, and infrastructure.
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🔰Present strategy to achieve Inclusive growth - there are many - but populist strategies for parties to win elections are :
⚜️1) Reservations- Click here
⚜️2) Freebies- Click here
⚠️Takeaway from the article : the examples and case laws
🅾️Argument : In S. Subramaniam Balaji vs Tamil Nadu (2013), the Supreme Court observed that excessive freebies distort electoral behavior and financial stability.
🔰Use any one fact to support arguments against freebie
🅾️1. Karnataka’s five guarantees led to a doubling of fiscal deficit and increased reliance on borrowing- leading to unfunded liabilities and compromising critical expenditures like infrastructure and development—> affects public investment in essential sectors like health, education, and infrastructure.
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✅Gs-3 : Internal security- Drug trafficking - Successful operation of Coast guard
🔰There are two dimensions to this issue - Click here
⚜️1. As a social problem
⚜️2. As a security problem
🔰This will be a comprehensive answer on coastal security : Coastal security- Its components : Read here
⚠️Please note coast guard is not a part of Navy but is under the ministry of defence
Prelims : Kanaklata Barua
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🔰There are two dimensions to this issue - Click here
⚜️1. As a social problem
⚜️2. As a security problem
🔰This will be a comprehensive answer on coastal security : Coastal security- Its components : Read here
⚠️Please note coast guard is not a part of Navy but is under the ministry of defence
Prelims : Kanaklata Barua
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✅Gs-3 : Climate change- Cop 29 Negotiations- Baku, Azerbaijan- Click here
🅾️This is about the outcomes. Read about what the article says
⚜️1. Quantum- meaning the amount we got vs what is needed
⚜️2. Structure of finance- i.e not grants but debt- Read this OECD report for context
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🅾️This is about the outcomes. Read about what the article says
⚜️1. Quantum- meaning the amount we got vs what is needed
⚜️2. Structure of finance- i.e not grants but debt- Read this OECD report for context
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
image_2024-12-05_18-06-35.png
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✅GS-1 : Demographic studies- Census- Socio Economic caste census
🅾️ Read this article completely for the background- CLick here
⚜️Conclusion of this article: Conducting a caste census could be more impractical than useful.
⚜️Risks: Administrative overload, potential for manipulation, and difficulty in ensuring fairness in reservation benefits.
⚜️Why?- Existing assumptions often fail to match reality due to overlapping caste names and changes in societal hierarchies.
🅾️Detailed note for mains on this issue( along with OBC subclassification) and Bihar caste census is given in this notes' channel- https://www.tg-me.com/UPSC_PDF_notes/172
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🅾️ Read this article completely for the background- CLick here
⚜️Conclusion of this article: Conducting a caste census could be more impractical than useful.
⚜️Risks: Administrative overload, potential for manipulation, and difficulty in ensuring fairness in reservation benefits.
⚜️Why?- Existing assumptions often fail to match reality due to overlapping caste names and changes in societal hierarchies.
🅾️Detailed note for mains on this issue( along with OBC subclassification) and Bihar caste census is given in this notes' channel- https://www.tg-me.com/UPSC_PDF_notes/172
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✅Gs-3 : Environment- Plastic treaty
⚜️Context : Plastic waste ban- significance and other dimensions like urbanization- impact of climate change
⚠️The treaty, being negotiated since March 2022, aims to create a legally binding framework to address plastic pollution.
🅾️Many countries, including India, opposed including a production cap on plastics, instead focusing on managing plastic waste.
🚫India’s Position: India did NOT support limits on production
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⚜️Context : Plastic waste ban- significance and other dimensions like urbanization- impact of climate change
⚠️The treaty, being negotiated since March 2022, aims to create a legally binding framework to address plastic pollution.
🅾️Many countries, including India, opposed including a production cap on plastics, instead focusing on managing plastic waste.
🚫India’s Position: India did NOT support limits on production
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Forwarded from UPSC Ethics by VK IAS
✅Gs-4 : Ethics- Public service values
🅾️Case study of 1896 -> Plague case study for modern day governance
⚜️Colonial plague control—> top-down measures undermined community trust and fairness, prioritizing coercion over cooperative engagement.
⚜️Ethical deficits in health mapping: surveillance focused on containment rather than empathy and public good, reinforcing inequities in health governance.
⚜️Contemporary lesson: public health ethics demands transparency, participation, and accountability, avoiding legacy patterns of oppression and intimidation.
✅Join Ethics and Essay channel : https://www.tg-me.com/joinchat-mrcWyE8pY2UyMDll
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
🅾️Case study of 1896 -> Plague case study for modern day governance
⚜️Colonial plague control—> top-down measures undermined community trust and fairness, prioritizing coercion over cooperative engagement.
⚜️Ethical deficits in health mapping: surveillance focused on containment rather than empathy and public good, reinforcing inequities in health governance.
⚜️Contemporary lesson: public health ethics demands transparency, participation, and accountability, avoiding legacy patterns of oppression and intimidation.
✅Join Ethics and Essay channel : https://www.tg-me.com/joinchat-mrcWyE8pY2UyMDll
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
✅Gs-3 : Economic growth
🎖MUST READ ARTICLE- What is it about?- What kind of strategy should India deploy for improving per capita - Read this article
⚠️GDP formula G= C+I+G+(X-M)
This infographic is about how C is changing.
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🎖MUST READ ARTICLE- What is it about?- What kind of strategy should India deploy for improving per capita - Read this article
⚠️GDP formula G= C+I+G+(X-M)
This infographic is about how C is changing.
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
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WR-CSM-24-RollList-Engl-091224.pdf
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✅UPSC Mains 2024 result.
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✅Gs-3 : Infrastructure- Shipping industry
⚠️Guiding vision= India has Maritime India Vision 2030
🅾️Issue : Problems in Merchant Shipping- Outdates laws-does not account for modern maritime challenges-diminishes India’s ability to support the Navy's operational requirements effectively
⚠️Solution = Merchant Shipping Bill, 2024, and the Coastal Shipping Bill, 2024, which aim to address the gaps in the existing Merchant Shipping Act, 1958, and the Coasting Vessels Act, 1838
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
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⚠️Guiding vision= India has Maritime India Vision 2030
🅾️Issue : Problems in Merchant Shipping- Outdates laws-does not account for modern maritime challenges-diminishes India’s ability to support the Navy's operational requirements effectively
⚠️Solution = Merchant Shipping Bill, 2024, and the Coastal Shipping Bill, 2024, which aim to address the gaps in the existing Merchant Shipping Act, 1958, and the Coasting Vessels Act, 1838
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
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✅Gs-3 : Science and technology- Space-Read this under the larger heading of History of space program in India
🅾️What is it about?- ISRO's Next Generation Launch Vehicle (NGLV)-> Focus is on reusability and heavy-lift capacity
🅾️So what?- What will you get out of it?- 3X payload capability of the LVM3-> supports goals like human space exploration (e.g., Gaganyaan), a future space station, and lunar missions.
🅾️Other benefits?- Reusable rockets will cut costs and increase payload capacity
⚠️Mains conclusion=Private-public collaboration and innovation will be key to making space exploration a driver for India's economic growth and strategic autonomy.
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🅾️What is it about?- ISRO's Next Generation Launch Vehicle (NGLV)-> Focus is on reusability and heavy-lift capacity
🅾️So what?- What will you get out of it?- 3X payload capability of the LVM3-> supports goals like human space exploration (e.g., Gaganyaan), a future space station, and lunar missions.
🅾️Other benefits?- Reusable rockets will cut costs and increase payload capacity
⚠️Mains conclusion=Private-public collaboration and innovation will be key to making space exploration a driver for India's economic growth and strategic autonomy.
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Those who are preparing for upsc interviews and want to seek help from VK IAS team , please contact us on www.tg-me.com/VK_IAS or reach out on 9676987943
How did the mentorship make a difference to previous rankers? - please check the previous experience of these rankers who saw a significant change in their interview scores.
https://www.tg-me.com/VK IAS UPSC Highlights by Vikas kanukollu VK/com.hinduhighlights/13333
Your DAF is the basis of your interview. It is about giving the interview panel an opportunity to know about you. Please DO NOT manufacture any aspect of your personality- just nurture it
How did the mentorship make a difference to previous rankers? - please check the previous experience of these rankers who saw a significant change in their interview scores.
https://www.tg-me.com/VK IAS UPSC Highlights by Vikas kanukollu VK/com.hinduhighlights/13333
Your DAF is the basis of your interview. It is about giving the interview panel an opportunity to know about you. Please DO NOT manufacture any aspect of your personality- just nurture it
✅Gs-2 : IR- UNSC
🅾️Pakistan's entry into the UNSC as a non-permanent member is critical for its global diplomatic profile.Membership provides opportunities to influence multilateral forums, specifically for issues concerning Pakistan's foreign policy priorities.
🔰Issues :
⚜️1. Afghanistan and Regional Stability
⚜️2. Kashmir Issue
⚜️3. Islamophobia Narrative : Pakistan raises Islamophobia as a global issue, pushing for it to be included in international discussions
⚜️4. Terrorism and Sanctions : Pakistan has faced criticism for its stance on terrorism, including issues tied to organizations linked with UNSC sanctions.
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🅾️Pakistan's entry into the UNSC as a non-permanent member is critical for its global diplomatic profile.Membership provides opportunities to influence multilateral forums, specifically for issues concerning Pakistan's foreign policy priorities.
🔰Issues :
⚜️1. Afghanistan and Regional Stability
⚜️2. Kashmir Issue
⚜️3. Islamophobia Narrative : Pakistan raises Islamophobia as a global issue, pushing for it to be included in international discussions
⚜️4. Terrorism and Sanctions : Pakistan has faced criticism for its stance on terrorism, including issues tied to organizations linked with UNSC sanctions.
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✅Gs-2 : RPA- Simultaneous elections
➡️What is the feasibility of One nation One election?- Click here
⚠️Central point of this article : Urban local governments (ULGs), crucial for decentralized governance and public service delivery, are not receiving adequate attention in policy discussions, particularly in the context of simultaneous elections (ONE Nation One Election)- The 79th report of the Parliament Standing Committee on Law and Justice on the ‘Feasibility of Simultaneous Elections,’ submitted in 2015, while advocating simultaneous elections to the Lok Sabha and State Assemblies, was silent on elections to ULGs.
🅾️Neglect of ULGs in Simultaneous Elections Discussions : The 74th Constitutional Amendment, which aimed to empower ULGs, has not been fully implemented in terms of timely elections and decentralization- So , urgent need to integrate ULGs into broader electoral and governance reforms
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
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➡️What is the feasibility of One nation One election?- Click here
⚠️Central point of this article : Urban local governments (ULGs), crucial for decentralized governance and public service delivery, are not receiving adequate attention in policy discussions, particularly in the context of simultaneous elections (ONE Nation One Election)- The 79th report of the Parliament Standing Committee on Law and Justice on the ‘Feasibility of Simultaneous Elections,’ submitted in 2015, while advocating simultaneous elections to the Lok Sabha and State Assemblies, was silent on elections to ULGs.
🅾️Neglect of ULGs in Simultaneous Elections Discussions : The 74th Constitutional Amendment, which aimed to empower ULGs, has not been fully implemented in terms of timely elections and decentralization- So , urgent need to integrate ULGs into broader electoral and governance reforms
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel